飘米切尔经典语录
Margaret Munnerlyn Mitchell Marsh (November 8, 1900 – August 16, 1949), popularly known as Margaret Mitchell was an American author, who won the Pulitzer Prize in 1937 for her novel, Gone with the Wind, published in 1936。 The novel is one of the most popular books of all time, selling more than 30 million copies (see list of best-selling books)。 An American film adaptation, released in 1939, became the highest-grossing film in the history of Hollywood, and received a record-breaking number of Academy Awards。 [1] Life Margaret Mitchell was born in Atlanta, Georgia to Eugene Mitchell, a lawyer, and Mary Isabelle, much referred to as May Belle, a suffragist of Irish Catholic origin。 Mitchell's brother, Stephens, was four years her senior。 She often used the nickname "Peggy。"[citation needed] Her childhood was spent in the laps of Civil War veterans and of her maternal relatives, who had lived through the Civil War。 [citation needed] After graduating from Washington Seminary (now The Westminster Schools), she attended Smith College, but withdrew following her final exams in 1918。 She returned to Atlanta to take over the household after her mother's death earlier that year from the great Spanish flu pandemic of 1918 (Mitchell later used this pivotal scene from her own life to dramatize Scarlett's discovery of her mother's death from typhoid when Scarlett returns to Tara Plantation)。 Shortly afterward, she defied the conventions of her class and times by taking a job at the Atlanta Journal, where she wrote a weekly column for the newspaper's Sunday edition as one of the first woman columnists at the South's largest newspaper。 Mitchell's first professional writing assignment was an interview with an Atlanta socialite, whose couture-buying trip to Italy was interrupted by the Fascist takeover。 [citation needed] Mitchell married Red Upshaw in 1922, but they were divorced after it was revealed that he was a bootlegger。 She later married Upshaw's friend, John Marsh, on July 4, 1925; Marsh had been best man at her first wedding and legend has it that both men courted Mitchell in 1921 and 1922, but Upshaw proposed first。 [citation needed] [edit] Occupation From 1922 to 1926, Mitchell wrote dozens of articles, interviews, sketches, and book reviews, including interviews with silent-screen star Rudolph Valentino, high-society murderer Harry K。 Thaw, and a Georgia prisoner who made artificial flowers from scraps and sold them from his cell to support his family。[citation needed] She also wrote profiles of prominent Georgia Civil War generals。 The first of these were so popular in Atlanta, that her editors assigned her several more。 Scholars believe that it is her research for the profiles that later led her to write Gone With the Wind。 Using Mitchell's scrapbooks from the Hargrett Rare Book and Manuscript Library at the University of Georgia, editor Patrick Allen collected 64 of the columns Mitchell considered her best work。 They were published in 2000 under the title Margaret Mitchell, Reporter[2]。 Her portraits and personality sketches in particular show a promise of her skill to portray the kind of characters who made Gone With the Wind the second best-selling book, next to the Bible, in history。 [dubious – discuss][3] Even as a supposedly neutral reporter, her irrepressible personality shines through。 This collection of Mitchell's journalism transcends fact-gathering, and shows Mitchell as a young woman and a compelling snapshot of life in the Jazz Age South。 [edit] Writing Gone with the Wind Mitchell is reported to have begun writing Gone With the Wind while bedridden with a broken ankle。 Her husband, John Marsh, brought home historical books from the public library to amuse her while she recuperated。 After she supposedly read all the historical books in the library, he told her, "Peggy, if you want another book, why don't you write your own?" She drew upon her encyclopedic knowledge of the Civil War and dramatic moments from her own life, and typed her epic novel on an old Remington typewriter。 She originally called the heroine "Pansy O'Hara", and Tara was "Fontenoy Hall"。 She considered naming the novel Tote The Weary Load or Tomorrow Is Another Day。 [4] Mitchell wrote for her own amusement, and with solid support from her husband, kept her novel secret from her friends。 She hid the voluminous pages under towels, disguising them as a divan, hid them in her closets, and under her bed。[citation needed] She wrote the last chapter first, and skipped around from chapter to chapter。 Her husband regularly proofread the growing manuscript to help in continuity。 By 1929, her ankle had healed, most of the book was written, and she lost interest in pursuing her literary efforts。 The bulk of the work was written between 1925 and 1930 in an apartment Mitchell called "The Dump"[5]: the Crescent Apartments are now listed on the National Register of Historic Places and are operated as a museum to Mitchell's memory。 While Mitchell used to say that her Gone With the Wind characters were not based on real people, modern researchers have found similarities to some of the people in her life, and people she knew or heard of。 For example, the character Rhett Butler may have been modeled after her first husband。 The last thing he said to her (supposedly) was, "My dear, I don't give a damn",[citation needed] which Rhett says to Scarlett before he leaves her in the book。 ("Frankly" was added for the movie。) [edit] Historic basis On April 4, 1989, Dr。 E。 Lee Spence, an internationally known shipwreck expert, archaeologist, and historian, from Charleston, South Carolina, announced his discovery that Margaret Mitchell, who had claimed that her Pulitzer Prize winning novel Gone With The Wind was pure fiction, had actually taken much of her compelling story of love, greed and war from real life[6] and that Mitchell had actually based Rhett Butler on the life of George Alfred Trenholm, a tall, handsome shipping and banking magnate from Charleston, South Carolina, who had made millions of dollars from blockade running, was accused of making off with much of the Confederate treasury, and had been thrown into prison after the Civil War。 [7][8] Spence's literary discovery that had its roots in his prior discoveries of some of Trenholm's wrecked blockade runners made international news。 [9] In his book, Treasures of the Confederate Coast: The "Real Rhett Butler" and Other Revelations, Dr。 Spence reveals what the editors of Life magazine called "overwhelming evidence" that Trenholm was the historical basis for Mitchell's romantic sea captain。 Spence's book gives a compelling case that Mitchell had falsely claimed Rhett was pure fiction。[10] According to Dr。 Spence's research, Trenholm had been on the verge of bankruptcy at the outbreak of hostilities, yet by the end of the Civil War controlled over sixty large steamers and numerous sailing ships。 His amazingly successful blockade-running ventures had earned him today's equivalent of well over $1 billion in gold, making him both fabulously wealthy and enormously powerful。 Trenholm's ships sailed out of the ports of Charleston, South Carolina, Wilmington, North Carolina, Savannah, Georgia, and New York City。 Mitchell wrote that Atlanta believed Rhett had made off with the gold of the Confederate Treasury, an improbable feat for the captain of a ship。 However, unlike Rhett, Trenholm was not just a ship's captain。 By the end of the Civil War, he was not only the South's most successful blockade runner, but also Treasurer of the Confederacy。 When the government gold and the jewels entrusted to the Treasury by banks and private citizens disappeared, many believed Trenholm had stolen it。 After the Civil War, both men were arrested and threatened with execution。 Both had much younger women visit them in jail and both men tried to comfort them as the women shed tears over the men's proposed fate。 Both women were from good families and were widows of Confederate officers。 Each had a reputation for being "fast", but was still received in society。 In fact, when Trenholm's lady friend was introduced to the famed novelist Lord Thackeray at a party, he insulted her by saying that he had been looking forward to meeting her because he had heard she was the "fastest" lady received in society。 She returned the insult by saying that they had both been misinformed because she had been told he was a "gentleman。" See George Alfred Trenholm for a more detailed account of the ties between George Trenholm and Rhett Butler。 [edit] Publication Mitchell lived as a modest Atlanta newspaperwoman until a visit from MacMillan editor Harold Latham, who visited Atlanta in 1935。 [11] Latham was scouring the South for promising writers, and Mitchell agreed to escort him around Atlanta at the request of her friend, Lois Cole, who worked for Latham。 Latham was enchanted with Mitchell, and asked her if she had ever written a book。 Mitchell demurred。 "Well, if you ever do write a book, please show it to me first!" Latham implored。 Later that day, a friend of Mitchell, having heard this conversation laughed。 "Imagine, anyone as silly as Peggy writing a book!" she said。 Mitchell stewed over this comment, went home, and found most of the old, crumbling envelopes containing her disjointed manuscript。 She arrived at The Georgian Terrace Hotel, just as Latham prepared to depart Atlanta。 "Here," she said, "take this before I change my mind!"[citation needed] Latham bought an extra suitcase to accommodate the giant manuscript。 When Mitchell arrived home, she was horrified over her impetuous act, and sent a telegram to Latham: "Have changed my mind。 Send manuscript back。"[citation needed] But Latham had read enough of the manuscript to realize it would be a blockbuster。 He wrote to her of his thoughts about its potential success。 MacMillan soon sent her an advance check to encourage her to complete the novel — she had not composed a first chapter。 She completed her work in March 1936。 Gone With the Wind was published on June 30, 1936。 The book was dramatized by David O。 Selznick, and released three years later。 The premiere of the film was held in Atlanta on December 15, 1939。 "Gone with the Wind" was such an overnight success for its publisher George Platt Brett, President of Macmillan Publishing, gave all its employees an 18% bonus in 1936。 [12] [edit] Death Mitchell's grave in Oakland Cemetery in AtlantaMitchell was struck by a speeding automobile as she crossed Peachtree Street at 13th Street with her husband, John Marsh, on her way to see the British film A Canterbury Tale at The Peachtree Art Theatre in August 1949。 She died at Grady Hospital five days later without regaining consciousness。 The driver, Hugh Gravitt, was an off-duty taxi driver。 He was driving his personal vehicle at the time, but his occupation led to many erroneous references over the years to Mitchell’s having been struck by a taxi。 Gravitt had been out on $5,450 bond, having been arrested for drunken driving。 He had 23 previous traffic violations, according to the police。 [citation needed] This incident prompted Georgia Gov。 Herman Talmadge to announce that the state would tighten regulations for licensing taxi drivers。 [1] Gravitt was later convicted of involuntary manslaughter and served 11 months in prison。 [13] His conviction was controversial because witnesses said Mitchell stepped into the street without looking, and her friends claimed she often did this。 She was buried in Oakland Cemetery in Atlanta。 The house where Mitchell lived while writing her manuscript is known today as The Margaret Mitchell House and located in Midtown Atlanta。 A museum dedicated to Gone with the Wind lies a few miles north of Atlanta, in Marietta, Georgia。 It is called "Scarlett On the Square", as it is located on the historic Marietta Square。 It houses costumes from the film, screenplays, and many artifacts from Gone With the Wind including Mitchell's collection of foreign editions of her book。 The house and the museum are major tourist destinations。 Another dedication to Mitchell was the 1994 film A Burning Passion: The Margaret Mitchell Story, starring Shannen Doherty as the writer。 Clayton County, the area just south of Atlanta and the setting for the fictional O'Hara plantation, Tara, maintains "The Road to Tara" Museum in the old railroad depot in downtown Jonesboro。 For decades it was thought that Mitchell had only ever written one complete novel。 (In fact, periodically claims are made that she never wrote it at all due to the lack of any other published work by her)。 But in the 1990s, a manuscript by Mitchell of a novel entitled Lost Laysen was discovered among a collection of letters Mitchell had given in the early 1920s to a suitor named Henry Love Angel。 The manuscript had been written in two notebooks in 1916。 In the 1990s, Angel's son discovered the manuscript and sent it to the Road to Tara Museum, which authenticated the work。 A special edition of Lost Laysen — a romance set in the South Pacific — was edited by Debra Freer, augmented with an account of Mitchell and Angel's romance including a number of her letters to him, and published by the Scribner imprint of Simon & Schuster in 1996。
看了《飘》，才知道什么是真正的大女主戏
自从《甄嬛传》的播出火了，各种标榜大女主的电视剧就多了起来，随便数数就有以下这些：《芈月传》、《武媚娘传奇》、《锦绣未央》、《陆贞传奇》、《大唐荣耀》、《楚乔传》、《那时花开月正圆》……
可是随着剧数目的增多，好评却不见增多，吐槽倒是越来越多了。因为这些所谓的大女主，不过是戴着各种面具的玛丽苏、白莲花、傻白甜黑化史罢了。
一直搞不懂这里面的问题到底出在哪里？为什么大女主戏里，总是各种姐妹反目？各种好人黑化？各种为了男人勾心斗角？表面演的是大女主，实际上还是离不开男人。
直到最近我重新看了玛格丽特•米切尔的《飘》，然后把费雯丽主演的电影《乱世佳人》重温了一遍，才终于找到了这里面的原因。
1、女主不是玛丽苏也不是傻白甜，天生就不完美
《飘》的事始于美国南北战争前夕，女主角郝思嘉是南方大种植园塔拉的大小姐，她的家庭非常富有，养了100多个黑奴，也非常幸福，父亲慈爱精明，母亲善良高贵。
十七岁的思嘉漂亮又聪明，她总是充满热情和活力，她是全县最受男性欢迎的小姐，野餐、下午茶、舞会、与男友们调情构成了她全部的生活。
按照那个时代的标准来看，她的性格不完美，表面保持着淑女的做派，骨子里却充满了叛逆。她出身名门，但不爱读书，只精于计算；她很肤浅，听不懂也讨厌听别人讨论高深的话题；她非常自私，喜欢的裙子绝对不会借给别人，就算是自己的妹妹也不行；她十分不受女性朋友的欢迎，因为她总是轻而易举就“勾引”走了别人的“男朋友”。
思嘉就是这样一个优点和缺点同样明显的人，从来就不是傻白甜，也不是白莲花，她仿佛一生下来就清楚明白自己要的是什么，为了达到目的可以不择手段，但她也没有变成更坏的人，从开始到结尾，始终没有所谓的“黑化”，只有一步一步的成长和成熟。
战争爆发前，思嘉的世界里最大的痛苦，是她心爱的卫希礼要跟韩媚兰结婚了。她表白卫希礼失败的时候，不是泪流满面，而是狠狠骂了对方一顿，还砸碎了一个花瓶。
战争爆发后，思嘉的世界里最大的痛苦，是塔拉家园的破败。当她冒着炮火回到塔拉，迎接她的却是母亲的去世和父亲的痴呆，以及全家在饥饿贫困中的挣扎。但这一切没有摧毁郝思嘉的意志，从此她舍弃了小姐的做派，变成一家之主，通过各种努力，在战后重建塔拉，始终守护着自己的家园和家人。
《飘》之所以是真正的大女主，而不是玛丽苏，精彩之处不在于描述思嘉这种行为的正义和伟大，也不重点歌颂她的无私和牺牲，反而是淋漓尽致的表现了思嘉在这个过程中人性的复杂。
譬如她发誓说只要不再挨饿，让她去杀人都可以，“什么名声？见鬼去吧！”。
譬如她为了还清塔拉300美元的税款，“抢走了”妹妹的男友弗兰克。
譬如她跟弗兰克结婚后，马上夺走他锯木厂的经营权，成为亚特兰大唯一一个像男人一样做生意的女人。
譬如她为了赚钱，可以不顾战争的仇恨去跟北方佬拉关系做生意。
譬如她为了高额利润，选择雇佣廉价的囚犯，而不在意别人议论她不讲道义。
譬如她三番两次的向卫希礼表白，从不顾媚兰和白瑞德的感受。
可这才是真实的思嘉啊，怎么可能有一夜长大或者一朝变坏/变好的人呢？每个人都是独特的个体，人性如此复杂，正所谓泰山易改本性难移，思嘉因为家园的破败，奋而去保护它，这符合她要强和倔强的个性，而她的精明、任性和自私也永远流淌在她的血液里。当然她是有底线的，首先，她与卫希礼没有发生实质意义上的出轨，其次，她没有做过伤天害理的事情，唯一杀过的人，也是出于自卫枪杀了一个企图抢劫偷盗的北方逃兵。
思嘉就是这样一个让人又爱又恨的女人，从来就不完美，既不是傻白甜，也不是白莲花，更没有变成腹黑女，她只是永远不放弃、永远充满斗志的郝思嘉。Tomorrow is another day！（明天又是新的一天了！），就是她最重要的人生信条。
不像甄嬛，为了复仇，不像武媚娘，为了夺取皇权，不像沈珍珠，为了守卫家国，不像周莹，兴旺了家族寂寞了自己。
郝思嘉所做的一切，是为了自己的家园，为了自己的爱情，为了能更自在、更富裕的生活。说白了，她就是为自己而活。这样的女主，才是真正的大女主，因为她爱自己，也爱塔拉这座精神家园，她坚持的人生信念从来没变过。
这样大女主，即使你讨厌她，也会被她感动。
2、没有反目的姐妹，只有越来越真挚的友谊
《飘》除了郝思嘉，还有一个同样强大的女性，那就是韩媚兰。
韩媚兰是卫希礼的表妹，也是卫希礼的妻子，所以她和郝思嘉，原本属于情敌的关系。当然，媚兰从来不知道也不相信思嘉与卫希礼有暧昧的关系。
媚兰是男主角白瑞德口中最完美的女性——高贵、优雅、善良、勇敢、顽强，最可贵的一点是，她拥有发自内心的真诚和坦率。
白瑞德说，自己最看不起南方女人的虚伪，因为她们总是伪装出一副高贵优雅善良的外表，但只是为了符合社会道德规范而“装”出来的，但媚兰不是，她是唯一一个里外一致的真实女子，她就是善良、坚毅本身。
思嘉对媚兰的感情，一开始是情敌的心态，因为她打心底瞧不起这个长相普通、身材瘦小、性格温顺、毫无个性的女人。但到了尾声，媚兰因流产去世，思嘉才恍然大悟，这么多年来，始终给她无条件的鼓励和支持的人，那个最懂她的真心朋友，唯有媚兰一个。
战乱中，平日里胆小羞涩的媚兰，始终不曾抱怨过，在种植园的劳作中，身体虚弱的媚兰总是主动承担更多工作，在思嘉杀死北方逃兵的时候，媚兰表现得比她更冷静和镇定。战后，即使所有的老朋友都说思嘉是个坏女人，即使有人告诉她思嘉和卫希礼有“一腿”，她总是无条件的相信她，宁可与众人反脸也要为思嘉辩护。
思嘉一直轻视媚兰，口口声声说不喜欢她，可是在所有人忙着逃难的时候，只有思嘉留下来并且亲自给媚兰接生。逃难中，明明知道媚兰是个累赘仍然一路带着她逃回塔拉。思嘉并没有像她自己口中所说，没有真正的背叛过媚兰，也没有伤害过她，更没有放弃过她。
直到媚兰去世，思嘉才在痛苦中明白自己有多么爱她，因为媚兰，早已经替代了母亲在她心中那个精神支柱的位置。她们俩一个叛逆，一个传统，但两人对生活都是永不放弃的态度，都有着坚定的人生信念，有着对明天的永恒盼望。
这种姐妹关系，完全不像如今大女主戏的套路，她们不是从姐妹反目成仇人，而是在日复一日的相处中，越发知心，越发情深，最后成为真正的姐妹。
3、不管我有多爱你，也决不会丢掉我自己
郝思嘉经历了三次婚姻。用白瑞德的话来说，她第一次嫁给了小孩子，第二次嫁给了老头子，第三次才是嫁给了一个真正的男人。
一方面，可见思嘉是个精致的利己主义者。当她追求真爱（卫希礼）不得之后，就把婚姻当成了“手段”。第一次嫁给查理，是为了挽回被卫希礼拒绝而丢失的颜面，第二次嫁给弗兰克，纯粹是为了三百美元缴清塔拉的税款，第三次嫁给白瑞德，是为了更加富足和安稳的生活。
但另一方面，思嘉是个理性而独立的女人。嫁给弗兰克，表面看是为了“钱”，这本该唾弃，但她不是为了婚后能当个慵懒的富太太，而是借款买下锯木厂，不顾周遭冷嘲热讽亲自经营。嫁给白瑞德，思嘉明明已有足够的财富，但她始终不放弃锯木厂的生意，不甘沦为“安分守己”的家庭妇女。这是让瑞德头疼绝望之处，也是让他甘愿一次又一次为思嘉牺牲奉献的关键。
当她冲动的表白卫希礼，说可以为了他放弃一切的时候，卫希礼回答：其实你爱塔拉的红土地胜过一切。
物质对郝思嘉的吸引力，让她显得十分庸俗肤浅，但白瑞德从中发现她的机智、坦率、勇敢和神秘。
“她的反应却全是男性化的。尽管她的面颊绯红，酒窝盈盈，笑容很美，可她说话做事却像个男人……她知道自己想要什么，而且像个男人一样走捷径，力求得到它，而不像女人那样经常采取隐蔽、迂回的路线。”
在那个社会环境中，思嘉是绝无仅有的奇女子，她善于利用男人，但从不依赖男人，她的思维方式和处事方式是男性化的，同时又擅长用女性的优势来让事情成功。
《那时花开月正圆》中周莹的性格与思嘉有点相似，都有精明的头脑和经商的天赋，但周莹跳脱不出爱人带给她的美好情感回忆中，她始终没为自己活过，所以她的成功总是伴随着寂寞和孤独。而且，要不是她身边的F4男团给她提供的各种帮助，她估计也活不过一集。
至于其他的大女主剧，鲜有不靠男人的上位的，要么为了男人变成公主复仇记，要么为了抢男人而姐妹反目，要么就是没了男人就去寻短见的……对比一下《飘》的情节，就会知道现在的大女主剧为什么会被吐槽了。
如果说郝思嘉有什么问题，那她最大的问题就是未能早早看透自己的感情。她通过三次失败的婚姻，才终于看清自己最在乎的爱人是瑞德。才发现这么多年来，是自己自制了一件理想爱情的衣裳套在卫希礼身上，其实她根本不懂也不爱这个人。等她终于明白过来，瑞德已经绝望离开，思嘉为之痛苦崩溃，但塔拉的红土地让她很快重燃希望的火花，她信心满满的相信一定可以挽回爱情。
思嘉之所以能够始终保持这种生活的热情，就是因为她从来都没有在爱情中失去自我，一直都保持着独立的人格，她永远都相信明天又是新的一天，所以对她而言，世上从来就没有真正的失败和绝望。
不管我有多爱你，我也决不会丢掉我自己。现在的大女主戏，如果女主能保持郝思嘉这样一种爱人的心态，也许才真的能担起女强人这样的称号吧。